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Factors affecting the distribution of microplastics in soils of China

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第9期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1710-4

摘要：

● Microplastic (MP) abundance in soil of China was highly heterogeneous.

关键词： Microplastic distribution     Microplastic heterogeneity     Effecting factors     Agriculture     Socio-economic factors    

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Mechanism and characterization of microplastic aging process: A review

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第8期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1700-6

摘要：

● Methods for estimating the aging of environmental micro-plastics were highlighted.

关键词： Microplastics     Aging     Degradation     Characterization     Mechanism    

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Heterogeneity of the tumor immune microenvironment and clinical interventions

《医学前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第4期   页码 617-648 doi: 10.1007/s11684-023-1015-9

摘要： Heterogeneity of the tumor immune microenvironment and clinical interventions

关键词： Heterogeneity tumor immune    

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Intratumor heterogeneity, microenvironment, and mechanisms of drug resistance in glioma recurrence and

Zhaoshi Bao, Yongzhi Wang, Qiangwei Wang, Shengyu Fang, Xia Shan, Jiguang Wang, Tao Jiang

《医学前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第4期   页码 551-561 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0760-2

摘要： Glioma is the most common lethal tumor of the human brain. The median survival of patients with primary World Health Organization grade IV glioma is only 14.6 months. The World Health Organization classification of tumors of the central nervous system categorized gliomas into lower-grade gliomas and glioblastomas. Unlike primary glioblastoma that usually develop in the elderly, secondary glioblastoma enriched with an isocitrate dehydrogenase mutant typically progresses from lower-grade glioma within 5–10 years from the time of diagnosis. Based on various evolutional trajectories brought on by clonal and subclonal alterations, the evolution patterns of glioma vary according to different theories. Some important features distinguish the normal brain from other tissues, e.g., the composition of the microenvironment around the tumor cells, the presence of the blood-brain barrier, and others. The underlying mechanism of glioma recurrence and evolution patterns of glioma are different from those of other types of cancer. Several studies correlated tumor recurrence with tumor heterogeneity and the immune microenvironment. However, the detailed reasons for the progression and recurrence of glioma remain controversial. In this review, we introduce the different mechanisms involved in glioma progression, including tumor heterogeneity, the tumor microenvironment and drug resistance, and their pre-clinical implements in clinical trials. This review aimed to provide new insights into further clinical strategies for the treatment of patients with recurrent and secondary glioma.

关键词： glioma     evolution mechanism     strategies     tumor heterogeneity     secondary glioma    

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Heterogeneity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: from phenotype to genotype

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第4期   页码 425-432 doi: 10.1007/s11684-013-0295-x

摘要：

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality throughout the world and is mainly characterized by persistent airflow limitation. Given that multiple systems other than the lung can be impaired in COPD patients, the traditional FEV1/FVC ratio shows many limitations in COPD diagnosis and assessment. Certain heterogeneities are found in terms of clinical manifestations, physiology, imaging findings, and inflammatory reactions in COPD patients; thus, phenotyping can provide effective information for the prognosis and treatment. However, phenotypes are often based on symptoms or pathophysiological impairments in late-stage COPD, and the role of phenotypes in COPD prevention and early diagnosis remains unclear. This shortcoming may be overcome by the potential genotypes defined by the heterogeneities in certain genes. This review briefly describes the heterogeneity of COPD, with focus on recent advances in the correlations between genotypes and phenotypes. The potential roles of these genotypes and phenotypes in the molecular mechanisms and management of COPD are also elucidated.

关键词： chronic obstructive pulmonary disease     heterogeneity     phenotype     genotype     prediction    

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Microplastic and Nanoplastic Pollution: Characterization, Transport, Fate, and Remediation Strategies

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第1期   页码 12-12 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1446-y

摘要： Plastics continues to have a critical and essential role in human society such as food packing, product packages and building materials. In the meantime, it has been recognized as a global sustainability priority to study and mitigate pollution of plastics and the associated unknown impacts from ultrafine plastic particles. Microplastic (<5 mm) particles, for instance, have been detected in the aquatic environment globally and have raised scientific interests and environmental concerns. Microplastics (MPs) can enter rivers through a variety of pathways (e.g., wastewater effluent, breakdown of plastic debris) and can negatively impact aquatic organisms through both direct injection with food and indirect contamination from absorbed toxins. MPs can absorb heavy metals, pathogens, and organic contaminants, mainly persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that can be ingested by organisms and introduced into the food web. Meanwhile, MPs may also release potentially toxic substances (e.g., plasticizers, flame retardants and antimicrobial agents) during weathering and degradation. An increasing number of papers are being published during the last years related to the effects of MPs as well as with synergistic effects when associated with MPs and their byproducts such as nanometer sized plastics or nanoplastics. This special issue successfully garnered a collection of research articles that addressed various topics of microplastic or nanoplastic pollution, characteristic, and environmental fate in the water environment. Particularly, this issue reported the seasonable occurrence and distribution of microplastics in different regions (e.g., China and India) from high-latitude nature reserve to sediments and coastal marine environments. Moreover, new sampling and analytical methodologies (e.g., fluorescent labeling) to identify MPs in diver matrixes (e.g., wastewater, sediment, and biota) are critically reviewed. The information is critical for scientists, business leaders, legislators, and the public are to explore and develop solutions that lessen society’s plastic footprint. We thank all authors, reviewers, and editorial staff of FESE for their efforts and contributions to this special issue. Guest Editors: Wen Zhang Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology (wen.zhang@njit.edu) Melissa Pasquinelli College of Natural Resources, North Carolina State University (melissa_pasquinelli@ncsu.edu) Yang Li School of the Environment Beijing Normal University (liyang_bnu@bnu.edu.cn)
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V-shaped substrate for surface and volume enhanced Raman spectroscopic analysis of microplastics

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第11期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-022-1578-8

摘要：

● V-shaped substrate was obtained for SERS analysis of microplastics (diameter ≈ 1 μm).

关键词： SERS     V-shaped     AAO     Microplastic     Atmospheric aerosol    

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Algae (

Xuesong Liu, Jianmin Wang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1276-3

摘要： Abstract • Micro-plastics (MPs) significantly increase Pb toxicity. • Algae reduce the combined toxicity of MP and Pb. • The toxicity increase comes from high soluble Pb and MP-Pb uptake. • The toxicity reduction might come from energy related pathway. Microplastics (MPs) have been recognized as a new class of emerging contaminants in recent years. They not only directly impact aquatic organisms, but also indirectly impact these organisms by interacting with background toxins in the environment. Moreover, under realistic environmental conditions, algae, a natural food for aquatic organisms, may alter the toxicity pattern related to MPs. In this research, we first examined the toxicity of MPs alone, and their effect on the toxicity of lead (Pb) on Ceriodaphnia dubia (C. dubia), a model aquatic organism for toxicity survey. Then, we investigated the effect of algae on the combined toxicity of MPs and Pb. We observed that, MPs significantly increased Pb toxicity, which was related to the increase in soluble Pb concentration and the intake of Pb-loaded MPs, both of which increased the accumulation of Pb in C. dubia. The presence of algae mitigated the combined toxicity of MPs and Pb, although algae alone increased Pb accumulation. Therefore, the toxicity mitigation through algae uptake came from mechanisms other than Pb accumulation, which will need further investigation.

关键词： Microplastic     Lead     Toxicity     Algae     C. dubia    

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Abundance, spatial distribution, and physical characteristics of microplastics in stormwater detention ponds

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第10期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1724-y

摘要： Despite extensive research on microplastics (MP) in marine environments, little is known about MP abundance and transport in terrestrial systems. There is, therefore, still little understanding of the main mechanisms driving the substantial transport of MP across different environmental compartments. Storm events can transport MP beyond boundaries, such as from the land to groundwater or the ocean, as has already been discovered for organic carbon transport. Urban stormwater detention ponds are suitable environments to study the impact of stormwater on the environmental fate and transport of MP. Herein, we investigate the longitudinal and vertical distribution of MP within two detention ponds with different physical characteristics. Soil samples were collected at various locations and from multiple depths (surface and subsurface layers) for measuring MP concentrations using fluorescence microscopy. Our findings show that MP are retained more near the inlet of the ponds, and MP of larger sizes were found more abundantly near inlets than outlets. We also found that MP mass and sizes decrease from surface soil to subsurface soil. In the pond, where vegetation (grass root network) was more considerable, MP were found more evenly distributed along the depth. In terms of shape, the fragments were the most abundant MP shape.

关键词： Microplastic     Environmental transport     Soil pollution     Stormwater     Detention ponds    

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Computational modeling of fracture in concrete: A review

Luthfi Muhammad Mauludin, Chahmi Oucif

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第3期   页码 586-598 doi: 10.1007/s11709-020-0573-z

摘要： This paper presents a review of fracture modeling of concrete. The complex material, such as concrete, has been widely used in construction industries and become trending issue in the last decades. Based on comprehensive literature review, there are two main approaches considered to-date of concrete fracture modeling, such as macroscopic and micromechanical models. The purpose of this review is to provide insight comparison from different techniques in modeling of fracture in concrete which are available. In the first section, an overview of fracture modeling in general is highlighted. Two different approaches both of macroscopic and micromechanical models will be reviewed. As heterogeneity of concrete material is major concern in micromechanical-based concrete modeling, one section will discuss this approach. Finally, the summary from all of reviewed techniques will be pointed out before the future perspective is given.

关键词： concrete fracture     macroscopic     micromechanical     heterogeneity    

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Analysis of stress and failure in rock specimens with closed and open flaws on the surface

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第5期   页码 1222-1237 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0773-1

摘要： The influence of closed and open surface flaws on the stress distribution and failure in rock specimens is investigated. Heterogeneous finite element models are developed to simulate the compression tests on flawed rock specimens. The simulated specimens include those with closed flaws and those with open flaws on the surface. Systematic analyses are conducted to investigate the influences of the flaw inclination, friction coefficient and the confining stress on failure behavior. Numerical results show significant differences in the stress, displacement, and failure behavior of the closed and open flaws when they are subjected to pure compression; however, their behaviors under shear and tensile loads are similar. According to the results, when compression is the dominant mode of stress applied to the flaw surface, an open flaw may play a destressing role in the rock and relocate the stress concentration and failure zones. The presented results in this article suggest that failure at the rock surface may be managed in a favorable manner by fabricating open flaws on the rock surface. The insights gained from this research can be helpful in managing failure at the boundaries of rock structures.

关键词： surface flaw     heterogeneity     circular hole     numerical modeling     relative displacement    

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A multiscale material model for heterogeneous liquid droplets in solid soft composites

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第5期   页码 1292-1299 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0771-3

摘要： Liquid droplets in solid soft composites have been attracting increasing attention in biological applications. In contrary with conventional composites, which are made of solid elastic inclusions, available material models for composites including liquid droplets are for highly idealized configurations and do not include all material real parameters. They are also all deterministic and do not address the uncertainties arising from droplet radius, volume fraction, dispersion and agglomeration. This research revisits the available models for liquid droplets in solid soft composites and presents a multiscale computational material model to determine their elastic moduli, considering nearly all relevant uncertainties and heterogeneities at different length scales. The effects of surface tension at droplets interface, their volume fraction, size, size polydispersity and agglomeration on elastic modulus, are considered. Different micromechanical material models are incorporated into the presented computational framework. The results clearly indicate both softening and stiffening effects of liquid droplets and show that the model can precisely predict the effective properties of liquid droplets in solid soft composites.

关键词： liquid in solid     soft composite     computational modeling     multiscale model     heterogeneity    

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Heterogeneous influence of individuals’ behavior on mask efficacy in gathering environments

《工程管理前沿（英文）》   页码 550-562 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0193-5

摘要： Wearing masks is an easy way to operate and popular measure for preventing epidemics. Although masks can slow down the spread of viruses, their efficacy in gathering environments involving heterogeneous person-to-person contacts remains unknown. Therefore, we aim to investigate the epidemic prevention effect of masks in different real-life gathering environments. This study uses four real interpersonal contact datasets to construct four empirical networks to represent four gathering environments. The transmission of COVID-19 is simulated using the Monte Carlo simulation method. The heterogeneity of individuals can cause mask efficacy in a specific gathering environment to be different from the baseline efficacy in general society. Furthermore, the heterogeneity of gathering environments causes the epidemic prevention effect of masks to differ. Wearing masks can greatly reduce the probability of clustered epidemics and the infection scale in primary schools, high schools, and hospitals. However, the use of masks alone in primary schools and hospitals cannot control outbreaks. In high schools with social distancing between classes and in workplaces where the interpersonal contact is relatively sparse, masks can meet the need for prevention. Given the heterogeneity of individual behavior, if individuals who are more active in terms of interpersonal contact are prioritized for mask-wearing, the epidemic prevention effect of masks can be improved. Finally, asymptomatic infection has varying effects on the prevention effect of masks in different environments. The effect can be weakened or eliminated by increasing the usage rate of masks in high schools and workplaces. However, the effect on primary schools and hospitals cannot be weakened. This study contributes to the accurate evaluation of mask efficacy in various gathering environments to provide scientific guidance for epidemic prevention.

关键词： COVID-19     masks     behavioral heterogeneity     asymptomatic infection    

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Data quality assessment for studies investigating microplastics and nanoplastics in food products: Are current data reliable?

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第8期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1694-0

摘要：

● Data quality assessment criteria for MP/NPs in food products were developed.

关键词： Microplastic     Nanoplastic     Food products     Data quality     Human health risk    

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Temporal and spatial stability of the EM/PM molecular subtypes in adult diffuse glioma

《医学前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第2期   页码 240-262 doi: 10.1007/s11684-022-0936-z

摘要： Detailed characterizations of genomic alterations have not identified subtype-specific vulnerabilities in adult gliomas. Mapping gliomas into developmental programs may uncover new vulnerabilities that are not strictly related to genomic alterations. After identifying conserved gene modules co-expressed with EGFR or PDGFRA (EM or PM), we recently proposed an EM/PM classification scheme for adult gliomas in a histological subtype- and grade-independent manner. By using cohorts of bulk samples, paired primary and recurrent samples, multi-region samples from the same glioma, single-cell RNA-seq samples, and clinical samples, we here demonstrate the temporal and spatial stability of the EM and PM subtypes. The EM and PM subtypes, which progress in a subtype-specific mode, are robustly maintained in paired longitudinal samples. Elevated activities of cell proliferation, genomic instability and microenvironment, rather than subtype switching, mark recurrent gliomas. Within individual gliomas, the EM/PM subtype was preserved across regions and single cells. Malignant cells in the EM and PM gliomas were correlated to neural stem cell and oligodendrocyte progenitor cell compartment, respectively. Thus, while genetic makeup may change during progression and/or within different tumor areas, adult gliomas evolve within a neurodevelopmental framework of the EM and PM molecular subtypes. The dysregulated developmental pathways embedded in these molecular subtypes may contain subtype-specific vulnerabilities.

关键词： glioma progression     molecular classification     EM/PM subtyping     intratumor heterogeneity    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Factors affecting the distribution of microplastics in soils of China

期刊论文

Mechanism and characterization of microplastic aging process: A review

期刊论文

Heterogeneity of the tumor immune microenvironment and clinical interventions

期刊论文

Intratumor heterogeneity, microenvironment, and mechanisms of drug resistance in glioma recurrence and

Zhaoshi Bao, Yongzhi Wang, Qiangwei Wang, Shengyu Fang, Xia Shan, Jiguang Wang, Tao Jiang

期刊论文

Heterogeneity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: from phenotype to genotype

null

期刊论文

Microplastic and Nanoplastic Pollution: Characterization, Transport, Fate, and Remediation Strategies

期刊论文

V-shaped substrate for surface and volume enhanced Raman spectroscopic analysis of microplastics

期刊论文

Algae (

Xuesong Liu, Jianmin Wang

期刊论文

Abundance, spatial distribution, and physical characteristics of microplastics in stormwater detention ponds

期刊论文

Computational modeling of fracture in concrete: A review

Luthfi Muhammad Mauludin, Chahmi Oucif

期刊论文

Analysis of stress and failure in rock specimens with closed and open flaws on the surface

期刊论文

A multiscale material model for heterogeneous liquid droplets in solid soft composites

期刊论文

Heterogeneous influence of individuals’ behavior on mask efficacy in gathering environments

期刊论文

Data quality assessment for studies investigating microplastics and nanoplastics in food products: Are current data reliable?

期刊论文

Temporal and spatial stability of the EM/PM molecular subtypes in adult diffuse glioma

期刊论文